The lymphatic system is a network of vessels, tissues, and organs that helps maintain fluid balance, defend the body against infection, and support the absorption of dietary fats. It is considered a part of both the circulatory system and the immune system.
Main Components:
01. Lymph
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Lymphatic Vessels
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Thin-walled vessels that run parallel to blood vessels.
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Collect lymph from tissues and transport it back into the bloodstream.
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Contain valves that prevent backflow, ensuring one-way movement toward the heart.
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Lymph Nodes
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Small, bean-shaped structures located along lymphatic vessels.
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Act as filters that trap bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells.
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Contain immune cells (B cells, T cells, macrophages) that initiate immune responses.
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Lymphoid Organs and Tissues
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Primary lymphoid organs:
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Bone marrow (produces lymphocytes).
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Thymus (matures T lymphocytes).
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Secondary lymphoid organs:
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Spleen (filters blood, destroys old red blood cells, mounts immune responses).
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Tonsils, Peyer’s patches, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) (defend mucosal surfaces).
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Functions:
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Fluid Balance: Returns excess interstitial fluid (about 2–3 liters/day) to the bloodstream, preventing tissue swelling (edema).
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Immune Defense: Provides sites for immune surveillance and activation.
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Fat Absorption: Specialized lymphatic vessels in the small intestine (lacteals) absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins from digested food.
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Waste Transport: Removes cellular debris and foreign material from tissues.
In summary, the lymphatic system is essential for circulation, immunity, and nutrition.
Reference
1. https://www.slideshare.net/prennievidiera/lymph-44422935